| Push MFA | ★Best in class Verify + adaptive | ★Best in class Authenticator + number matching | ★Best in class Cleanest push UX | Very strong App + soft tokens | Moderate Key-based, no push | Very strong Google prompt push |
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| TOTP | ★Best in class Verify TOTP | ★Best in class Native Authenticator | ★Best in class Native TOTP | Excellent Soft tokens | Excellent TOTP via OATH | ★Best in class Google Authenticator |
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| FIDO2 / Hardware Keys | ★Best in class FastPass + WebAuthn | ★Best in class Windows Hello + Passkeys | ★Best in class Native FIDO2 support | Very strong Hybrid hardware support | ★Best in class Category-defining YubiKey | ★Best in class Titan Security Keys |
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| Biometric | ★Best in class Okta Verify biometric | ★Best in class Windows Hello | ★Best in class Duo biometric | Good Limited biometric | Good Partial biometric | Very strong Device biometric prompt |
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| Adaptive / Risk-Based | Excellent Identity Threat Protection | ★Best in class Conditional Access, 100+ signals | Excellent Risk-Based Authentication | Very strong Adaptive Access | Moderate Hardware-only | Good Basic risk signals, Workspace-centric |
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| Phishing Resistance | ★Best in class FastPass anti-phishing | ★Best in class Number matching plus FIDO2 | ★Best in class Verified Push plus FIDO2 | Very strong FIDO2 capable | ★Best in class FIDO2 by design | ★Best in class Titan keys plus FIDO2 |
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| Enterprise Scale | ★Best in class Workforce plus customer | ★Best in class M365 native scale | ★Best in class Cisco enterprise scale | Excellent Long enterprise track record | Good Hardware logistics scale | Very strong Google global scale, Workspace estates |
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| Passwordless | Very strong FastPass passwordless | ★Best in class Windows Hello + passkeys | Very strong Passwordless Duo | Strong Growing | ★Best in class Passwordless via keys | Very strong Passkeys |
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| Legacy & Service Account Coverage | Strong SaaS-first | Strong Cloud-first, limited legacy | Strong Some legacy | Very strong Strong legacy/token base | Strong Key-based | Moderate Cloud-first, limited legacy |
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| Conditional Access Integration | Very strong Identity Threat Protection | ★Best in class Best-in-class Conditional Access | Very strong Device trust policies | Strong Policy engine | Good Key-level only | Strong Context-Aware Access |
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| Deployment Breadth | ★Best in class 7,000+ app catalog | ★Best in class Native M365 + 1000s apps | ★Best in class Fast, broad integrations | Strong Enterprise-focused | Strong Works via IdPs | Very strong Workspace + SAML apps |
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| Total Cost of Ownership | Moderate Premium per-user | ★Best in class Bundled in M365 | Very strong Per-user friendly | Moderate Premium, hardware ops | Very strong Hardware capex amortised | ★Best in class Bundled with Workspace licensing |
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